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Bartlett, Richard. A New Country: A Social History of the American Frontier, 1776-1890. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Beard, John R. The Life of Toussaint L'Ouverture, the Negro Patriot of Hayti: Compressing an Account of the Struggle for Liberty in the Island, and a Sketch of its History to the Present Period.1853. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.

Beck, James M. Stephen Girard, Merchant and Mariner: An Oration Delivered at the Unveiling of a Statue to Stephen Girard on the West Side Plaza of the City Hall, Philadelphia, on May 20, 1897 Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1897.

Biddle, Nicholas. The Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle Dealing with National Affairs, 1807-1844. Edited by Reginald C. McGrane. Boston: Canner, 1966.

Binzen, Peter H. “Philadelphia’s Negroes Challenge a Will,” The Reporter, October 21, 1965, 43-45.  http://www.unz.org/Pub/Reporter-1965oct21-00043.

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Cope, Thomas P. Philadelphia Merchant: The Diary of Thomas P. Cope, 1850-1851. Edited by Eliza Coe Harrison. South Bend, Indiana: Gateway Editions, 1978.

Diemand, John A. Stephen Girard (1750-1831), A Proposal for Posthumous Award; a 200th Anniversary Address .NY: Newcomen Society in North America, 1950.

DiMeo, Mike. “Stephen Girard [:] Merchant, Mariner, Banker, Humanitarian, Patriot,” Philadelphia, PA: Independence Hall Association (website owner). “UShistory.org,” http://www.ushistory.org/people/girard.htm.

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Doerflinger, Thomas. A Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise: Merchants and Economic Development in Revolutionary Philadelphia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.

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Eaton, Reed Russell.  The Public Life of Stephen Girard. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms, 1971.

 Evans, Owen D. and Raymond  I. Haskell, Proceedings of the Girard College Centennial. Philadelphia: Girard College Print Shop, 1948.

Fisher, Sydney George. Men, Women and Manners in Colonial Times. New York: J. B. Lippincott,1897; reprinted, 2 vols., Detroit: Singing Tree Press, 1969.

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Gates, Albert. “Stephen Girard West Indian Trade 1789-1812. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 72, no. 4, (October 1948), 311-342.

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 ———. Girard College Worthies. Scranton, PA: Haddon Craftsmen, 1948.

———. History of Girard College. Philadelphia: Girard College, 1927.

Hickey, Donald R. The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

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Merchant of Philadelphia. Memoirs and Auto-biography of Some of the Wealthy Citizens of Philadelphia with a Fair Estimate of their Estates, Founded upon a Knowledge of Facts; with an Appendix Containing Particular Accounts of the Lives of Stephen Girard, Jacob Ridgway, and Obed Coleman, Obtained from Authentic Sources. Philadelphia: The Booksellers, 1846.

Miller, David S. The Polly: A Perspective on Merchant Stephen Girard. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 112, no. 2, (April 1988), 189-208.

Minnigerode, Meade. Certain Rich Men: Stephen Girard--John Jacob Astor--Jay Cooke--Daniel Drew--Cornelius Vanderbilt--Jay Gould--Jim Fisk. Freeport, NY: Putnam, 1927.

Morgan, George. The City of First, Being a Complete History of the City of Philadelphia From Its Founding, in 1682, to the Present Time. Philadelphia: Historical Publication Society, 1927.

Morton, Thomas G. The History of the Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751-1895. New York: Arno Press, 1973.

Murphy, Jim. An American Plague: The True and Terrifying Story of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. New York: Clarion Books, 2003.

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———. Brothers of Girard. Philadelphia: Girard College, 1944.

Outlines of a Plan for the Administration of the Girard Trust, Agreeably to the Will of the Testator, and for Reducing the City Debts and Taxes; Shewing the Violation of Stephen Girard’s Will by the Present Councils, in their Plan for a College and the Consequent Forfeiture of the Whole Estate. Philadelphia, ca 1833.

Pares, Richard. Yankees and Creoles: The Trade Between North America and the West Indies Before the American Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956.

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Semi-Centennial of Girard College. Biographical Sketch of Stephen Girard, His Will, and Other Papers Relating to the College and its Development and Government, Account of the Exercises on the Occasion of the Celebration of the Opening of the College, January 3, 1898. Philadelphia: Girard College, 1898.

Simpson, Stephen. Biography of Stephen Girard, with his Will Affixed Comprising an Account of his Private Life, Habits and Manners. Philadelphia, 1832.

Smith, E. Alfred. Stephen Girard and His Will. Philadelphia: Girard College Alumni Association, n.d.

Stacton, David. The Bonapartes. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.

Wainwright, Nicholas B. A Philadelphia Perspective; The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years, 1834-1841. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967.

Weigley, Russell Frank, Nicholas B. Wainwright, and Edwin Wolf, contributors, Philadelphia: A Three Hundred Year History. New York: Norton, 1983.

Wildes, Harry Emerson. Lonely Midas; The Story of Stephen Girard. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1943.

———.William Penn. New York: Macmillan 1974.

Wilson, George. Stephen Girard, America’s First Tycoon. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1995.

———. Yesterday’s Philadelphia. Miami. E.A. Seemann, 1975.

Wright, Robert E. The First Wall Street: Chestnut Street, Philadelphia and the Birth of American Finance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

——— and David J. Cowen. Financial Founding Fathers: The Men Who Made America Rich. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Zeil, William E., Stephen Girard, Girard College Committee on Stephen Girard Papers and Effects, and American Philosophical Society, A Catalogue of the Personal Library of Stephen Girard, 1750- 1831. Philadelphia: Girard College and the American Philosophical Society, 1990.

———, ed. The Diary of Peter Sequin: A Young House Guest of Stephen Girard. Philadelphia: Girard College, 1984.

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